Which type of reinforcers are biologically preestablished to naturally satisfy needs?

Primary reinforcers are stimuli that have inherent biological significance and are essential for survival. These reinforcers naturally satisfy basic human needs, such as food, water, and shelter. Because they fulfill essential physiological requirements, they are considered intrinsically rewarding. For instance, when someone is hungry, eating food satisfies that need and serves as a powerful motivator for behavior.

In contrast, positive reinforcement refers to any stimulus that strengthens or increases the probability of a desired behavior when presented after that behavior occurs, but it doesn't necessarily have inherent biological significance. Partial verbal prompts involve guiding behavior through incomplete verbal cues and do not relate to biological needs. Psychosocial reinforcers are related to social interactions and emotional fulfillment but are not biologically established. Thus, primary reinforcers stand out as the type designed by nature to directly cater to our fundamental needs.