Which part of the nervous system is related to the sense of movement and orientation in body space?

The vestibular system is the part of the nervous system that is primarily responsible for the sense of movement and orientation in body space. It is located in the inner ear and includes structures such as the semicircular canals and otolith organs, which help detect changes in head position and motion. This sensory information is crucial for maintaining balance, coordinating eye movements, and navigating through space.

When the head moves, the fluid within the semicircular canals shifts, stimulating hair cells that send signals to the brain about the position and movement of the head. This information is integrated with visual and proprioceptive input, allowing the brain to create a coherent sense of spatial orientation and motion.

Other systems, such as the cognitive system, somatic system, and tactile system, play different roles in bodily function and perception. The cognitive system relates to thinking and decision-making processes, the somatic system is involved in voluntary movements and sensory information from the body, and the tactile system includes the sense of touch. While these systems are important for overall body awareness and function, the vestibular system is unique in its specific role in regulating balance and spatial orientation.