Which of the following supports positive learning outcomes through reinforcement?

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The correct answer, "reinforcer," is crucial in the context of supporting positive learning outcomes through reinforcement. A reinforcer is any stimulus or event that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future. In educational and therapeutic settings, positive reinforcement involves providing a reward or positive feedback following a desired behavior, which encourages individuals to continue that behavior. This method is foundational in behavior modification and learning theories, such as operant conditioning, where behaviors can be shaped and sustained through the strategic use of reinforcers.

In contrast, options like punishment do not promote positive learning; they may suppress unwanted behaviors but can also lead to negative feelings toward the learning environment and hinder motivation. Responsiveness refers to how an individual reacts to stimuli but does not inherently provide the mechanism for reinforcement. The proprioceptive system deals with body awareness and sensory information, which is important for physical activities and coordination, but it does not directly relate to the reinforcement of learning behaviors. Thus, the notion of a reinforcer stands out as the most effective means to foster positive learning outcomes through reinforcement.

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