What is the process called when reinforcement is systematically withheld to extinguish a behavior?

The process of systematically withholding reinforcement to extinguish a behavior is known as extinction. In behavior psychology, extinction occurs when a behavior that previously produced reinforcement no longer receives that reinforcement. Over time, as the individual recognizes that their behavior no longer leads to the expected outcome, the frequency of that behavior decreases and may eventually stop altogether.

This principle is central in behavior modification and treatment strategies, where decreasing undesirable behaviors is often a goal. For instance, if a child frequently throws tantrums to receive attention, and caregivers stop giving attention when the child does so, the tantrums may reduce over time because the expected reinforcement (attention) is no longer provided.

The other options do not accurately describe this process. Reinforcement withdrawal is not a formal term used in behavioral psychology; it's more of a descriptive phrase. Behavioral adjustment too is a vague term and does not precisely capture the systematic nature of the extinction process. Negative reinforcement refers to the removal of an aversive stimulus to strengthen a behavior, which is the opposite of what occurs during extinction.