What is differential reinforcement?

Differential reinforcement is an important concept in behavior modification that involves reinforcing a specific behavior while simultaneously applying extinction to other behaviors. This means that when individuals display a desired behavior, they receive reinforcement, which strengthens that behavior. Conversely, behaviors that are not the target for reinforcement do not receive any positive reinforcement, which is often referred to as extinction.

This approach allows practitioners to encourage the occurrence of more desirable behaviors while decreasing the likelihood of less desirable ones. By using this method, one can shape behavior in a structured way that is beneficial for the individual involved, especially in therapeutic or educational contexts.

The other options do not capture the essence of differential reinforcement:

• Reinforcing every behavior does not create a distinction and would not utilize the principles of differential reinforcement.

• Avoiding punishment is not the focus of differential reinforcement; rather, it is about the strategic application of reinforcement and extinction.

• Reinforcing specific behaviors may be too narrow since differential reinforcement inherently involves the aspect of extinction, targeting and ignoring certain undesired behaviors alongside reinforcing the desired one.

Thus, option C accurately encompasses the procedural complexity and intent behind differential reinforcement, making it the best choice.