What is a sensory processing disorder?

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is characterized by a breakdown in the brain's ability to interpret and respond appropriately to sensory information. This disorder affects how individuals perceive sensory stimuli in their environment, leading to difficulties in processing the information received from the senses, which can result in overwhelming responses or an inability to respond as expected.

This condition can manifest in various ways, such as overreacting or underreacting to sensory input, difficulty filtering out background noise, or challenges in coordinating sensory information. It is important to understand that SPD is not simply about being sensitive to stimuli but involves a significant disruption in the way the central nervous system processes sensory data.

The other options describe different concepts. Excessive sensory sensitivity refers specifically to heightened reactions to sensory stimuli and does not encompass the broader range of processing issues inherent in SPD. A method of reinforcement in behavior therapy involves techniques used to encourage desired behaviors, which does not relate to sensory processing directly. Finally, a therapeutic diet might address specific behavioral or physical health issues but does not define the nature of sensory processing disorder itself.