What does shaping involve in behavior modification?

Shaping is a vital technique in behavior modification that focuses on reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior. This means that the behavior is not expected to occur perfectly from the start; instead, it is developed gradually. By carefully observing and rewarding behaviors that are closer and closer to the target behavior, the individual learns what is expected and is encouraged to continue progressing towards that goal.

For example, if the desired behavior is for a child to speak in full sentences, initially, the child might be rewarded for simply saying a word, then for two words together, and so on, until full sentences are achieved. This method emphasizes patience and consistent reinforcement, creating an environment where the individual can learn at their own pace through positive feedback for every step taken in the right direction.

Other options do not address the incremental nature of behavior goals as effectively. Determining sensory needs, scheduling activities, or avoiding specific sensory inputs relate to different aspects of therapeutic approaches that do not directly involve the systematic reinforcement of behaviors as shaping does.